Why Are Centrum Vitamins Bad For You

Centrum Advance offers adults a multivitamin and mineral supplement said to be filled with essential vitamins and minerals. Centrum Advance is stated to help boost your daily vitamin intake and provide a number of health benefits. It also includes B group vitamins, which is claimed to support energy production. Centrum Advance is also said to support heart function and maintain healthy bones. Centrum's products aim to support adults and children in getting the nutrients they need every day. Many of the products include a range of vitamins and minerals which are claimed to be essential for a number of health benefits.

These include cardiovascular health, mental performance, immune function, eyesight, vitality, post-menopausal health, bone health and general immunity. The dietary supplements are available in the form of tablets, gummies and mints. Products like the Centrum MultiGummies and Centrum Kids Strawberry are also available in special flavours.

They plan an important role in how your body functions, such as helping your body convert the food you eat into energy. I Do you need to take a multivitamin or dietary supplement in order to get the vitamins and nutrients you need? That depends on your dietary intake and medical history. According to the FDA, most people can get the vitamins they need through the foods they eat.ii However, multivitamins can play a vital role when nutritional requirements cannot be met with food alone.

No matter how hard we try, it's tough to get enough nutrient-rich foods in our daily diets. Centrum multivitamin and mineral products contain up to 26 essential nutrients to help children and adults meet their diverse nutritional needs. Centrum also offers a wide variety of specialty formulations that support energy, immunity and metabolism, as well as eye, heart, bone and brain health. The product is also said to include 18 vitamins, such as Vitamin C to support healthy teeth and gums. It also contains Vitamin A, which is said to be essential for healthy eyes. For everyday wellbeing, the Centrum Kids Strawberry features Vitamin A, C and E.

These multivitamins are suitable for children aged 3 years and over. Taking those pills does no harm, but offers no apparent advantage either, said Dr. David Jenkins, the study's lead author and a professor of nutritional sciences and medicine at the University of Toronto. A well-balanced diet provides most people with all of the vitamins and minerals they need. Unfortunately, some people struggle with their diet or have conditions that exacerbate nutrient deficiencies, especially as they age. Multivitamins, in combination with a healthy lifestyle, supply your body with the proper amount of vitamins and minerals with a just once daily commitment. Speak to your physician about dietary supplements for improving health or addressing a particular disorder.

Multivitamins won't prevent heart attacks or strokes. If you're a healthy adult, taking a multivitamin won't lower your risk of heart attack, stroke or death from cardiovascular disease. Preventive Services Task Force concluded that there is insufficient evidence to support any benefit from vitamin and mineral supplementation for the prevention of cancer or cardiovascular disease. Americans have been taking multivitamin and mineral supplements since the early 1940s when the first such products became available.

What Does Centrum Vitamins Do For You Today, millions of Americans continue to search for ways to boost their health and immunity through supplements. One of the most popular ways that people try to achieve a balanced blend of essential vitamins and minerals is through taking a daily multivitamin, such as Centrum vitamins. What Is the Difference Between Over-the-Counter Prenatal Vitamins & Prescription Prenatal Vitamins? Learn More The amount of vitamins and minerals in Centrum vitamins depends on the specific product. However, most Centrum vitamin supplements fail to provide enough of many of the vitamins and minerals you need during pregnancy, particularly folic acid, iron and calcium. They also may provide too much of other vitamins or minerals.

For example, the original Centrum vitamin supplements contain 3,500 IU of vitamin A. While this is less than the UL of vitamin A during pregnancy, it is well above the RDA. If you were to consume large amounts of vitamin A through your diet, the amount of vitamin A in this Centrum vitamin supplement could bring your overall consumption over the UL. Some Centrum vitamins also contain supplemental ingredients, such as ginseng and ginkgo biloba, which have not been proven safe for use during pregnancy.

Because of this, you should avoid taking Centrum vitamins during pregnancy. MegaFood is a high quality multivitamin with nutrients derived from whole foods. It contains adequate amounts of essential vitamins and minerals including vitamin D and vitamin K2. We want to point out that MegaFood also contains 50% of the Adequate Intake level for women of choline.

Choline is a nutrient that most people do not consume enough of and has been linked to a variety of positive health outcomes, though the jury is still out on whether or not taking a choline supplement is beneficial. Products like Centrum for Women and Centrum for Men are also said to be formulated to target the different key issues apparently affecting men and women. For women, the multivitamins tend to focus on supporting bone health and promoting healthy skin, nails and hair. For men, the supplements contain vitamins and minerals targeted towards supporting muscle health and heart health. For people aged 50 years and older, Centrum Advance 50+ is claimed offer the nutrients necessary to support your changing nutritional needs. It's said to be ideal for those with busy and active lifestyles, as well as for people who want a boost of nutrients to fill any nutritional gaps.

The product contains lutein and vitamin A to support eye health, as well as lycopene, vitamin B6 and folic acid to maintain healthy heart function. The product also includes calcium, vitamin D, magnesium, copper, zinc and manganese to promote healthy bones. For people who don't want to take smelly fish capsules or chalky chewable vitamin tablets, but still want to get their daily dose of nutrients, Centrum VitaMints may be ideal for you. The product comes in the form of a chewable mint, although is said to contain the same essential vitamins and minerals found in the brand's other products. These include vitamin D, B vitamins, and antioxidants.

Unlike regular mints, Centrum VitaMints are not suitable for children, and only one mint can be taken a day. Centrum's range for women is said to target women's needs, featuring more calcium and vitamin D than in the Centrum Advance and Centrum Advance 50+ products to help maintain healthy bones. It also includes additional levels of biotin, and vitamins A and C to help promote healthy skin, nails and hair. The product also features nutrients like Betacarotene, Selenium and Zinc to support daily health.

Make sure you get all the nutrients you need with Centrum vitamins. Avoid the struggle of not getting the right amounts of certain vitamins and minerals. A multivitamin like Centrum offers a convenient solution to getting minerals your diet doesn't provide. There are specific Centrum vitamin tablets designed to provide the right amount of vitamins to people in certain age groups, both genders, as well as those suffering from specific ailments.

Centrum Silver vitamins are available in men's and women's formulations for those over the age of 50. Other Centrum formulas include prenatal, vision, heart and kids' chewables. The researchers concluded that multivitamins don't reduce the risk for heart disease, cancer, cognitive decline (such as memory loss and slowed-down thinking) or an early death. They also noted that in prior studies, vitamin E and beta-carotene supplements appear to be harmful, especially at high doses. Your healthy diet does the heavy lifting, but by adding a multivitamin you can rest assured you're covered on the nutrients you need, no matter how busy life gets. Her go-to is Centrum® Adults Multivitamins, which contains vitamins and minerals, essential nutrients that help support her diet.

A young scientist named Leon Ellenbogen began studying the use of therapeutic levels of vitamins, iron and folic acid to treat cancer patients. In the 1970s, Dr. Ellenbogen and his team used this research to create a multivitamin and mineral supplement to address fundamental nutritional needs. If you take a multivitamin, it's probably because you want to do everything you can to protect your health.

But there is still limited evidence that a daily cocktail of essential vitamins and minerals actually delivers what you expect. Most studies find no benefit from multivitamins in protecting the brain or heart. Loaded with vitamins, minerals and phytonutrients, vegetables should be the most abundant source of vitamins and minerals in your diet each and every day. For every negative side effect of the additives and fillers in mass-market vitamins, there is an opposing, health-promoting benefit in vegetables.

Some of the most nutrient-dense vegetables include leafy greens, broccoli, avocados Brussels sprouts, cabbage, sweet potato and watercress. The list of benefits goes on and on, which is why you must eat your veggies daily. We do our best to eat healthy, but it's not always easy to eat a balanced diet.

A multivitamin can help to work towards your regular daily requirements for essential vitamins and minerals, if dietary intake is inadequate. Multivitamins, including Centrum products, are generally safe. However, most people don't need to take multivitamins or dietary supplements. Any multivitamin can be toxic when consumed in excessive quantities.

If you choose to consume a dietary supplement, make sure you only consume the recommended amount. I don't typically like to recommend brands as different multi-vitamins will have different levels of nutrients. Especially when people have very specific needs- like you. For example, you may want to explore supplements that include more digestive support for protein, as the primary place for protein digestion is the stomach. If you have a local health food store near you, I'd recommend popping in and having a chat with someone there. Another study, published in July, confirmed earlier research showing that people who take supplements, including vitamins and minerals, do little or nothing to reduce their risk of heart disease.

Food is the preferred source of nutrients, but if you are unable to meet your vitamin and mineral needs through food alone, multivitamins can be helpful to fill in the gaps. For healthy adults eating a well-balanced and varied diet, it's unlikely that a multivitamin provides much benefit, and there can be potential down sides. For men over the age of 50, Centrum offers multivitamins to specifically support heart health, eye health, mental performance and vitality. Centrum for Men 50+ also includes higher levels of some B group vitamins, which is said to support vitality, and lutein to promote healthy eye health. The product is also claimed to include more zinc to promote mental performance and healthy immunity.

Fabricant has said that dietary supplements spiked with prescription drugs are "the largest threat" to consumer safety. Since 2008 there have been recalls of more than 400 such products, mostly those marketed for bodybuilding, sexual enhancement, and weight loss, according to the FDA. Like almost all multivitamins, gender-specific varieties claim a long list of supposed benefits.

The website for One A Day Women's says the product supports health of the bones, breasts, heart, reproductive system and skin. Centrum Ultra Women's promises to boost the immune system and provide more energy along with healthy skin, nails and hair. One A Day Men's Health Formula claims to support the prostate and heart. Centrum Ultra Men's supposedly enhances immunity and energy while supporting prostate, colon and heart health. List of Wheat-Free Foods Learn More If you're generally healthy and free of any chronic conditions, you shouldn't have any issues taking Centrum multivitamins. The supplement has the potential to interact with prescription drugs or other supplements, although this is uncommon.

Before starting a new supplement regimen, go over all of the medications with your doctor, even if they're over-the-counter ones. If you're pregnant or breast-feeding, check with your physician first. Centrum multivitamins should be safe to take during these stages, but you'll want to get clearance to be safe.

Multivitamin and multimineral supplements are not recommended for generally healthy adults, the report noted. But if you're concerned your diet is inadequate — perhaps because you don't eat enough fruits and vegetables — and you're not in a position to improve it, a multivitamin could fill in some of the gaps, Manson said. Focus on a healthy diet, rather than supplements"A healthful, well-balanced diet that includes whole grains and whole foods will provide sufficient vitamins and minerals for the vast majority of the population," Manson said. The best time of day to take a multivitamin is when you can remember to take it consistently. However, there are benefits to taking it with food or shortly after a meal.

Many vitamins and minerals—specifically those that are fat-soluble—are best absorbed when consumed with food. In addition, some people find that taking a vitamin on an empty stomach can lead to nausea or other digestive upset. It is important to note that different multivitamins contain different combinations and doses of nutrients, which should be reviewed with a healthcare provider before beginning that supplement. Some people need to be cautious about certain nutrients. For example, iron, which is found in many multivitamins, may cause constipation for some people, especially those who already have digestive problems. Other nutrients like potassium can be problematic for people with certain health conditions like chronic kidney disease.

Too much of anything can be harmful, though — and dietary supplements are no exception. Taking two multivitamins a day may cause severe toxicity. When used in large doses, these supplements can affect every system in your body. Centrum offers a wide range of multivitamins, claimed to help you fill any nutritional gaps in your diet.

Consuming the nutritional daily intake is stated to provide a range of benefits such as improved mental performance, good eyesight, strong bones and healthy immunity. If you take a multivitamin, it's probably because you want to do everything you can to protect your health. Other people who may benefit from multivitamins include those who've undergone weight loss surgery, are on low calorie diets, or don't get enough nutrients from food alone . If you take any vitamin, including Centrum, toxic effects can develop if consumed in excessive quantities. However, this isn't because multivitamin products are necessarily bad for you. According to a January 2018 study in the European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety, even low doses of essential nutrients in multivitamins have the potential to cause toxicity, affecting the health of your liver.

I have been taking centrum multi vitamins for the last few days and feel unwell as I don't usually take a supplement. I thought I'd check the bottle to see if they use preservatives as I often feel unwell if I have eaten prepackaged food. Seeing the ingredients on bottle worried me so I googled which brought me to this page. I chose to buy centrum as I have seen the adds and their packaging looks like the right choice of vitamin to take. I will read back of label next time I feel I need a supplement. "We were surprised to find so few positive effects of the most common supplements that people consume," Jenkins said in a statement.

"In the absence of significant positive data... it's most beneficial to rely on a healthy diet to get your fill of vitamins and minerals." Choose a multivitamin with 100%of the daily value of most of its ingredients. Some nutrients, such as calcium, can't be included in a multivitamin at 100% – if it was, the multivitamin would be too large to swallow. Magnesium and potassium levels are kept low to avoid drug-nutrient interactions, so we need to get these nutrients primarily through our diet (see food sources below.). Keep in mind, too, that exceeding 100% of the daily value of certain nutrients is not helpful.

Some nutrients – like vitamins A, D, E, and K – can build up in the body and become toxic. To play it safe, let your doctor know about every supplement you're taking, even if you think it's harmless. Many vitamins and minerals, as well as herbal supplements, have side effects ranging from a rash to stomach upset. They can also interact with medications and other vitamins. But what if you don't eat well or are chronically stressed out?

What Does Review Hearing Mean In Court

In an application to appeal a decision, the applicant writes each question of lawas a single question. For example, was VCAT correct to decide that a retirement village tenancy agreement can only be terminated under section 16 of the Retirement Villages Act 1986? Quo warrantoA type of judicial review where the court requires a person to demonstrate the legal basis for their exercise of an office or official function.

Some types of documents must be served in person, while others can also be served by email, post or fax.SolicitorA commonly used name for a lawyer. This term also refers to when the court rules that parts of a claim or defence cannot relied on and 'strikes out' these parts. Unless the charges against you are dismissed or you enter a plea of guilty or nolo contendere, your case will go to trial.

In a jury trial, the judge presides over the courtroom proceedings, and six or more citizens from the community are chosen to hear the evidence presented against you. These citizens determine whether a crime has been committed and whether you are criminally responsible for that crime. In a non-jury trial, the judge alone decides whether a crime has been committed, and whether you are criminally responsible for that crime. After your first appearance, if formal charges are filed, an arraignment will be scheduled. The arraignment is not a trial and not a time when evidence or witnesses can be presented. At most arraignments you are informed of the charges against you, and if you do not have a lawyer the Public Defender's Office may be appointed to represent you, if you qualify.

You may either appear in person for arraignment, or, in appropriate cases, you attorney may file a written plea of not guilty on your behalf. You must attend your arraignment in person unless your attorney has specifically told you otherwise. If a plea of not guilty is entered at your arraignment, your case will normally be scheduled for a pretrial conference. In Category 2 cases where a trial sees a judge hearing the case without a jury, the review hearing takes place 30 working days after a defendant pleads not guilty to an alleged crime. For Category 3 or higher offences, the defendant may choose to have a jury trial.

In these cases, the case review hearing takes place 45 working days after a plea of not guilty is entered. To get a case review hearing, the defense and the prosecution must jointly file a Case Management Memorandum, which tells the court what the issues are to be at trial and other details of the case. The Memorandum has to be filed at least 5 working days before the case review date, according to Community Law Manual. Civil cases include every type of legal action except criminal actions, including personal injuries, contract disputes, adoptions, divorces and faulty consumer goods.

The party bringing suit, or plaintiff, must prove his or her case before a judge or jury by presenting evidence that is more persuasive than the opposing evidence . Some aspects of civil cases—divorce, support or child custody matters—may be heard before quasi-judicial officers, including hearing masters or conference officers. Findings of fact and other "essentially factual" issues are reviewed forclear error.SeeHusain v. Olympic Airways, 316 F.3d 829, 835 (9th Cir. 2002).

This standard is derived from the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, which state that a court of appeals "must not... Set aside" a trial court's "findings of fact, whether based on oral or other evidence... Must give due regard to the trial court's opportunity to judge the witnesses' credibility." Fed. Preliminary hearings are sometimes referred to as mini-trials because they provide a preview of a criminal case. But preliminary hearings serve a much different purpose than a trial, and they occur at an earlier stage in the criminal justice process.

At the preliminary hearing, the prosecutor must convince the judge that probable cause exists to believe that the defendant committed the crime charged and further proceedings—like a trial—are warranted. Grand jury - A body of citizens who listen to evidence of criminal allegations, which are presented by the government, and determines whether there is probable cause to believe the offense was committed. As it is used in federal criminal cases, "the government" refers to the lawyers of the U.S. Grand jury proceedings are closed to the public, and the person suspected of having committed the crime is not entitled to be present or have an attorney present. States are not required to use grand juries, but the federal government must do so under the Constitution.

A criminal charge is a violation of the criminal law and considered an offense against the community. In a criminal case, an individual can be charged with a felony, misdemeanor or summary offense. Felony charges, such as murder and arson, carry the most severe penalties, while misdemeanors and summary offenses carry lesser penalties. Your attorney may file discovery motions to get witness lists, police reports, witnesses' statements, reports of experts and other important facts in your case in the possession of the prosecutor. Discovery depositions and other statements given under oath may be taken from witnesses. Your attorney also may talk with the prosecutor to get some idea of the prosecutors' intentions in your case.

The prosecutor may decide to "plea bargain" either by agreeing to reduce the charges against you or agreeing to a lower sentence in exchange for a plea of guilty or nolo contendere . If the prosecutor offers a plea bargain to you, your attorney is required to tell you about it even if you are innocent or want a trial. Your attorney telling you what the prosecutor has offered does not mean your attorney agrees with the prosecutor or believes that you should enter a plea of guilty or nolo contendere. Standards of review reflect the law's perspective on an appellate court's ability to make the right decision on a given issue. An appellate court will, for example, give added weight to the decisions of trial courts on issues where it is concerned about making those determinations on nothing but a written record of what happened at trial.

The charging document filed in juvenile court by the state. The petition formally initiates a juvenile proceeding alleging that a juvenile is delinquent and describing the alleged offenses committed by that child. The petition may ask that the court assume jurisdiction over the juvenile or ask that the juvenile be transferred to criminal court for prosecution as an adult.

Where the juvenile court either loses or gives up jurisdiction over a child alleged to have committed a crime and that child is tried as an adult in a criminal court. See also Transfer/Waiver; Upper Age of Juvenile Court Jurisdiction. When someone in Victoria is charged with summary offences, the matter can be finalised in the Magistrates Court. If the offender pleads guilty, they will proceed to be sentenced by a magistrate. If they plead not guilty, the matter will be listed for a contested hearing. This is a hearing in front of a Magistrate, who will hear evidence and submissions from the prosecution and the defence and decide whether the accused has been proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.

The appellant's case is normally reviewed by a panel of judges at the appellate level. These judges will look at the "record" of the case from the lower court. This record is the documentation of the case—including all the pleadings, motions, and memoranda filed with the court, transcripts from pre-trial, trial, and post-trial hearings, and trial exhibits. Other than the written brief submitted by each party and the oral argument , the appellate judges cannot look beyond this record in making its decision. Intake—This process is the preliminary screening of a complaint by a juvenile court officer to determine whether the court should take action in the case. From intake the case may proceed in one of two directions—either to informal adjustment or to the filing of a delinquency petition.

If a child has been apprehended or detained by law enforcement, the matter may go straight to the filing of a petition without the intake procedure. Defendants in criminal cases have the right to have a jury of their peers decide their guilt or innocence. Therefore, before trial, defendants need to decide whether to have a jury trial, where the jury decides if the defendant is guilty or not, or a bench trial, where the judge decides without a jury.

Usually, defendants choose to have a jury trial because they want a jury of their peers to hear the evidence and decide their guilt. But sometimes, there may be circumstances where a defense attorney will recommend a bench trial without a jury. In District Court, a jury will be made up of 6 people you help select, and in Superior Court, the jury will be made up of 12 people. More specifically, a hearing is the formal examination of a cause, civil or criminal, before a judge according to the laws of a particular jurisdiction.

In common usage a hearing also refers to any formal proceeding before a court. If the defendant posts the amount of money required to make bail, he or she will be released. This is often accomplished by collateralizing a loan or paying a premium to a bail-bonding agency. Some defendants are released without bail on their "own recognizance." This happens when the judge is confidant they can be counted on to appear in court for all proceedings.

If bail is set, a defense attorney may request a bail review hearing at a future date to reconsider the amount of bail. Bail is set at the time of the arrest and is often required to ensure the defendant returns to court at a future date. The amount of bail is dictated by a written schedule that reflects the seriousness of the crime.

At the arraignment, the prosecutor will request bail in a particular amount, and the defense attorney will usually argue for a reduction. Sometimes, the DDA may ask the judge to attach conditions to a defendant's release such as having no contact with the victim or restrictions on travel. When you are facing a serious charge, the prosecutor must give you a list of prosecution witnesses and copies of their statements at some stage prior to the committal proceedings. After reading these statements, you have to decide which persons you want to question.

You must then give the prosecution notice of whom you wish to question or cross-examine, so they can be called as witnesses. In a criminal trial, the prosecuting attorney presents evidence and witness testimony to try to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant committed the crime. The defendant's attorney may present evidence and witnesses to show that the defendant did not commit the crime or to create a reasonable doubt as to the defendant's guilt. The defendant is considered innocent of the crime charged until proven guilty. In law, an appeal is a process for requesting a formal change to a previous legal determination. Depending on the circumstances, appeals may be made to the same authority or to a higher judicial authority.

At the same time your plea is filed, your attorney may file a Notice of Discovery, and a Demand for Jury Trial. These are routine documents that are filed in the vast majority of cases. A Notice of Discovery triggers a duty by the prosecutor to give your attorney a copy of every single bit of evidence they have collected. Your attorney also must give the prosecutor available evidence. That includes police reports, witness statements, and documents.

In a criminal court, there are no surprises – each side always knows what evidence the other side has. If you cannot make the original bail, your Assistant Public Defender may subsequently file a motion for reduction of bail if your bail seems too high in view of the charge or if the evidence against you is weak. Remember, you do not have a right to multiple bond hearings unless there are significant changes in circumstances. Not being able to make the previously set bond is not a significant change in circumstances.

An order to a sheriff or other officer to notify a named person that a civil action has been commenced against him or her and that he or she is required to appear within a specified period and answer the complaint. A written order or notice directing that a person appear before a designated court at a stated time and place and answer to a charge against him or her. The document initiates all civil law suits and is referred to as process. The complaint outlines the alleged facts and reason for the case. In a criminal action, a complaint is the preliminary charges filed against a defendant, usually filed by the police or court. Summons—A legal document issued by a clerk of courts informing a defendant that a case has started against them.

What Does For Review Mean In Court A summons can be used when a criminal indictment is filed, naming a person as a defendant. A party who fails to appear in court in response to a summons after a criminal indictment faces possible arrest. Verdict—The final decision of a petit jury after hearing all the evidence, legal arguments, and instructions from the judge in a civil or criminal trial. A civil verdict might determine whether one party owes money to another party. A criminal verdict would be either guilty or not guilty as to an alleged crime.

During post-disposition, a variety of procedures or hearings regarding the client can require the assistance of counsel. It proceeds through the examination of evidence in a courtroom before a judge or a jury to determine whether a defendant is guilty of the charges in the Information beyond a reasonable doubt. The Omnibus Hearing must be commenced not later than 28 days after the defendant's initial appearance in court under Rule 8 unless the time is extended for good cause related to the particular case. See Minnesota Statutes, section 611A.033, regarding the prosecutor's duties under the Victim's Rights Act to make reasonable efforts to provide advance notice of any change in the schedule of court proceedings. This would include the Omnibus Hearing as well as trial or any other hearing. When the person charged with support lives in another country, state or county, a Uniform Support of Dependents Law petition is filed.

You will have been given acitation, or acomplaint and summons. The citation or complaint includes a short statement of the offense with which you are charged, and states that the offense is a misdemeanor. The citation or summons states a date and time to appear at the county courthouse for yourinitial appearance.If you are under 18years of age, you must have a parent or guardian with you at all court proceedings.

You are strongly urged to get advice from a lawyer or paralegal about appealing a provincial offences court decision. An appeal is not simply a rehearing of the evidence or submissions made at trial. A lawyer or paralegal will be able to advise you about the appeal process, possible appeal outcomes, and questions of law or procedure that may be relevant to your case. In camera reviewmeans a hearing or review in a courtroom, hearing room, or chambers to which the general public is not admitted. A defendant's sentencing hearing represents the final step in a criminal prosecution.

It differs from the trial itself, in that the judge is the only one who decides the official sentence. He or she does have a bit of assistance in the form of a pre-sentencing letter to the judge, which is prepared by a probation officer after an investigation. The burden of proof, while still on the prosecution, is much lower during a preliminary hearing than it is during the trial. At trial, the prosecution has the burden of proving each element of the charged offense beyond a reasonable doubt.

But at the preliminary hearing, the prosecution need only show probable cause exists—in other words, enough evidence to justify a belief that a crime occurred and the defendant committed it. A person other than a judge authorized by Colorado law or by Colorado court rules to make orders or judgments in court proceedings, like trials or hearings. Classification form—A document that tells the Clerk of Court something about the legal nature of a civil case. The classification form will indicate if it is an injury claim, a protection order case, a business case, etc. This form is required so the Clerk's Office and eventually the judge can handle it properly.

By local rule, a party filing a civil case must fill out a classification form when the complaint is filed. The Clerk's office has blank forms for people filing cases. Refers to any program that is an alternative to the filing of a court petition and which keeps the youth from entering the juvenile court system by referring the child to counseling or other social services. Diversion is designed to enable youth to avoid a formal charge through the filing of a petition, which could result in adverse collateral consequences and, ultimately, a juvenile delinquency record. By completing the requirements of a diversion program run by the police department, court, prosecution's office, or an outside agency, the youth can avoid prosecution. The juvenile equivalent of an adult sentence, disposition is a final decision as to how a juvenile's case is handled after an adjudication.

Disposition outcomes vary and may include but are not limited to, fines, restitution, community service, in-home placement under supervision or probation, and out-of home placement in commitment facilities. See also Disposition Hearing; Dispositional Order; Disposition Plan. Typically there are two formal opportunities for the prosecution and defense to negotiate a disposition on a case. The first occurs before the preliminary hearing; the second occurs after the preliminary hearing and before trial. In both instances a judge will sit "in conference" with the DDA and the defense attorney and must approve any negotiated settlement. Many cases are resolved in plea bargains at either stage of the proceedings.